PHOCAEA

PHOCAEA
PHOCAEA
urbs Aeolidis in ora, inter Cumam ad Boream et Smyrnam ad meridiem, a quâ 25. mill. pass. recedit, apud ostia Hermi fluv. episcopalis sub Archiepiscopo Smyrnensi. Baudrando hodie Fochia vecchia, in ora maris Aegaei, etiamnum urbs munita, et emporium, cum portu capaci amplo, cui adiacet. altera Phocea, Fochia nova. Media est inter Cumam et Smyrnam, et 10. mill. pass. ab ostiis Hermi fluv. abest. Phocis Melae, l. 2. c. 3. Atheniensium colonia. Meminit eius Lucanus l. 3. v. 340.
Et post tralatas exustae Phocidis arces.
Item Phocaea alia, oppidum Cariae, iuxta Mycalen montem Plin. l. 5. c. 29. Phocenses Ioniae populi patrium solum communi consiliô relinquentes, se non reversuros iureiurandô, additis devotionibus, et exsecrationibus, polliciti sunt, et in Galliam profecti Massiliam urbem condiderunt. ut auctores sunt Herodot. l. 1. Iustin. l. 43. et seqq. Ammian. Marcellin. l. 15. et Strabo, l. 4. Hinc ortum adagium est: Phocensium exsecratio, de iure iurando multis vinculis astricto, uti Horat. meminit Epod. 16. a quo Phocai dicuntur. Phocenses quoque, Phocidis in Graecia populi de quibus rem scitu dignam fecisse narrat Plutarch. Hi enim in proelium contra Thessalos exeuntes, mulieres et liberos in unum locum congestos, ubi ipsi a Thessalis victi essent, et interfecti, comburendos ilico mandârunt iis, quos ad custodiam
reliquerant: quod consilium et mandatum etiam mulieres ipsae approbârunt, licet non adimpletum fuerit, victoriâ adversus Thessalos reportatâ. Ex eâ deliberatione natum est proverbium: Phocensium desperatio, de stulto et insano consilio. Phocaei, etiam et Phocenses dicuntur, et Phocaici, populi Aeolidis in Asia, et Phocidis in Graecia, qui et Cyrrhaei et Castalii quoque apud poetas dicuntur. Nic. Lloydius. Addo, quod Cl. Sponio Foia vecchia dicitur hodie, celebris illa Veter. Phocaea, ad vici tenuis exiguitatem nunc redacta, 20. mill. pass. Smyrnâ distans. Nomen ei a phocis, quarum ibi captura ingens. Unde in nummo ab Philippo Imperatore et ab incolis cuso, canis expressus visitur et phoca, cum Inscr. ΦΩΚΑΙΕΩΝ. Sed et alium nummum, in cuius una parte caput turritum, cum voce ΦΩΚΕΑ, in altera cymba, supra quam duae stellae, pileique Castoris et Pollucis, cum Inscr. ΦΩΚΑΙΕΩΝ, exhibet idem Iac. Sponius Itin. Graeciae Part. 3. p. 188. ubi gloriam illorum nauticam, quippe qui primi mercaturam per mare exercuisse et colonias in locis exteris deduxisse leguntur, hôc hieroglyphicô indigitari, addit.

Hofmann J. Lexicon universale. 1698.

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